Banking Resolution
Covered

Covered bonds

Covered bonds are debt secured on a ring-fenced pool of mortgages or public-sector loans that stays with the bondholder if the issuer fails. They are the one class of bank debt excluded from bail-in, to the extent of their collateral.

Covered bonds sit outside the bail-in perimeter. They do not count towards MREL, and they are listed here precisely because knowing which instruments cannot absorb losses is as material as knowing which can. Full definition in the glossary.

Live instruments
1,054
Source: ESMA FIRDSUpdated 2026-07-25
Issuers
37
Source: ESMA FIRDSUpdated 2026-07-25
Notional (EUR lines)
EUR 532,493m
Source: ESMA FIRDSUpdated 2026-07-25
EUR lines with notional
989of 1,054
Source: ESMA FIRDSUpdated 2026-07-25

Notional is summed over EUR-denominated lines that report an amount. FIRDS carries no exchange rates, so amounts in other currencies are counted but never converted.

By issuer country

CountryInstrumentsNotional (EUR)
DEGermany602EUR 138,098m
ESSpain147EUR 176,243m
ITItaly133EUR 125,100m
BEBelgium63EUR 14,909m
DKDenmark35EUR 17,123m
ATAustria32EUR 5,839m
NLNetherlands17EUR 33,127m
SESweden11EUR 3,750m
GBUnited Kingdom6EUR 3,560m
PTPortugal6EUR 14,700m
GRGreece2EUR 44m

Largest issuers

By number of live instruments. Issuance count is not issuance volume — a bank running a large medium-term note programme shows many small lines.

Most recently issued

Source: ESMA FIRDSUpdated 2026-07-25

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